%% Copyright (C) 2017, 2019 Dennis J. Darland %% This file is part of darland's philosophy. %% darland's philosophy is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify %% it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by %% the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or %% (at your option) any later version. %% darland's philosophy is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, %% but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of %% MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the %% GNU General Public License for more details. %% You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License %% along with darland's philosophy. If not, see . %% This file only checks rules (relating to propositions). %% This file uses queries to demonstrate my points about %% the non-existence of any TRUE opacity. %% I use an example from Quine's Word & Object. (pp.144-151). %% Tom believes that Cicero denounced Catiline. %% Tom does not know Cicero = Tully. %% In my philosophy, for Tom at that time, %% "Cicero" R Toms_idea_of_Cicero %% and %% Toms_idea of_Cicero S Cicero %% %% %% but not %% "Cicero" R Toms_idea_of_Tully %% %% %% In my program the relation R is represented by the predicate %% rrrr(Subject, Time, Type, Word, Idea) %% In my program the relation S is represented by the predicate %% ssss(Subject, Time, Type, Idea, Object) %% R | S is represented by rrss load("FACTS/common_facts_2017_0001.lf")? load("FACTS/common_facts_2017_0002.lf")? load("FACTS/common_facts_2017_0003.lf")? load("RULES/common_2017_0001.lf")? load("RULES/common_2017_0002.lf")? load("RULES/common_2017_0003.lf")? load("RULES/common_2017_0004.lf")? load("RULES/life_2017_0001.lf")? load("RULES/life_2017_0002.lf")? trace_input(true)? write_time(Ignore)? rrrr(tom, now, 1, of_orations_word, tom_of_orations_idea)? ; ssss(tom, now, 1, tom_of_orations_idea, of_orations)? ; rrrr(tom, now, 1, of_De_Senectute_word, tom_of_De_Senectute_idea)? ; ssss(tom, now, 1, tom_of_De_Senectute_idea, of_De_Senectute)? ; rrss(tom, now, 1, of_orations_word, of_orations)? ; rrss(tom, now, 1, of_De_Senectute_word, of_De_Senectute)? ; rrrr(quine, now, 1, of_orations_word, quine_of_orations_idea)? ; ssss(quine, now, 1, quine_of_orations_idea, of_orations)? ; rrrr(quine, now, 1, of_De_Senectute_word, quine_of_De_Senectute_idea)? ; ssss(quine, now, 1, quine_of_De_Senectute_idea, of_De_Senectute)? ; rrrr(tom, now, 1, denounced_word, tom_denounced_idea)? ; ssss(tom, now, 1, tom_denounced_idea, denounced)? ; rrrr(tom, now, 0, cicero_word, tom_cicero_idea)? ; ssss(tom, now, 0, tom_cicero_idea, cicero)? ; rrrr(tom, now, 0, catiline_word, tom_catiline_idea)? ; ssss(tom, now, 0, tom_catiline_idea, catiline)? ; rrrr(tom, now, 0, cicero_word, tom_tully_idea)? ; rrrr(tom, now, 0, tully_word, tom_tully_idea)? ; rrrr(tom, now, 0, tully_word, tom_cicero_idea)? ; rrss(tom, now, 0, cicero_word, cicero)? ; rrss(tom, now, 0, tully_word, cicero)? ; rrss(tom, now, 0, catiline_word, catiline)? ; rrss(tom, now, 1, denounced_word, denounced)? ; rrrr(quine, now, 1, denounced_word, quine_denounced_idea)? ; ssss(quine, now, 1, quine_denounced_idea, denounced)? ; rrrr(quine, now, 0, cicero_word, quine_cicero_idea)? ; ssss(quine, now, 0, quine_cicero_idea, cicero)? ; rrrr(quine, now, 0, cicero_word, quine_tully_idea)? ; rrrr(quine, now, 0, tully_word, quine_tully_idea)? ; rrrr(quine, now, 0, tully_word, quine_cicero_idea)? ; ssss(quine, now, 0, quine_tully_idea, cicero)? ; rrss(quine, now, 0, cicero_word, cicero)? ; rrss(quine, now, 1, of_orations_word, of_orations)? ; rrss(quine, now, 1, of_De_Senectute_word, of_De_Senectute)? ; %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% believes_in_ideas(tom, now, 1, 2, [tom_denounced_idea, tom_cicero_idea, tom_catiline_idea])? ; believes_not_in_words(tom, now, 1, 2, [denounced_word, tully_word, catiline_word])? ; believes_in_ideas(tom, now, 1, 2, [tom_denounced_idea, tom_cicero_idea, tom_catiline_idea])? ; believes_not_in_ideas(tom, now, 1, 2, [tom_denounced_idea, tom_tully_idea, tom_catiline_idea])? ; believes_in_ideas(tom, now, 1, 1, [tom_of_orations_idea, tom_cicero_idea])? ; believes_in_ideas(tom, now, 1, 1, [tom_of_De_Senectute_idea, tom_tully_idea])? ; believes_in_words(tom, now, 1, 1, [of_orations_word, cicero_word])? ; believes_in_words(tom, now, 1, 1, [of_De_Senectute_word, tom_tully_word])? ; believes_in_ideas(quine, now, 1, 1, [quine_of_orations_idea, quine_cicero_idea])? ; believes_in_ideas(quine, now, 1, 1, [quine_of_De_Senectute_idea, quine_tully_idea])? ; believes_in_words(quine, now, 1, 1, [of_orations_word, cicero_word])? ; believes_in_words(quine, now, 1, 1, [of_De_Senectute_word, tully_word])? believes_in_ideas(quine, now, 1, 1, [quine_of_orations_idea, quine_tully_idea])? ; believes_in_ideas(quine, now, 1, 1, [quine_of_De_Senectute_idea, quine_cicero_idea])? ; believes_in_words(quine, now, 1, 1, [of_orations_word, tully_word])? ; believes_in_words(quine, now, 1, 1, [of_De_Senectute_word, cicero_word])? ; believes_in_ideas(quine, now, 1, 1, [quine_of_orations_idea, quine_tully_idea])? ; believes_in_words(quine, now, 1, 1, [quine_of_De_Senectute_idea, quine_cicero_idea])? ; %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Start Part on Denounced %% First Tom believes_word_idea_object_L(tom, now, 1, 2, [[denounced_word, tom_denounced_idea, denounced], [cicero_word, tom_cicero_idea, cicero], [catiline_word, tom_catiline_idea, catiline]] )? ; believes_word_object_L(tom, now, 1, 2, [[denounced_word, denounced], [cicero_word, cicero], [catiline_word, catiline]] )? ; believes_word_idea_L(tom, now, 1, 2, [[denounced_word, tom_denounced_idea], [cicero_word, tom_cicero_idea], [catiline_word, tom_catiline_idea]] )? ; believes_idea_object_L(tom, now, 1, 2, [[tom_denounced_idea, denounced], [tom_cicero_idea, cicero], [tom_catiline_idea, catiline]] )? ; believes_object_L(tom, now, 1, 2, [[denounced], [cicero], [catiline]] )? ; %% Special Tully cases believes_word_idea_object_L(tom, now, 1, 2, [[denounced_word, tom_denounced_idea, denounced], [tully_word, tom_tully_idea, cicero], [catiline_word, tom_catiline_idea, catiline]] )? ; believes_word_object_L(tom, now, 1, 2, [[denounced_word, denounced], [tully_word, cicero], [catiline_word, catiline]] )? ; believes_word_idea_L(tom, now, 1, 2, [[denounced_word, tom_denounced_idea], [tully_word, tom_tully_idea], [catiline_word, tom_catiline_idea]] )? ; believes_idea_object_L(tom, now, 1, 2, [[tom_denounced_idea, denounced], [tom_tully_idea, cicero], [tom_catiline_idea, catiline]] )? ; believes_object_L(tom, now, 1, 2, [[denounced], [cicero], % no separate tully [catiline]] )? ; %%% Now negative beleifs -- Still tom believes_not_word_idea_object_L(tom, now, 1, 2, [[denounced_word, tom_denounced_idea, denounced], [cicero_word, tom_cicero_idea, cicero], [catiline_word, tom_catiline_idea, catiline]] )? ; believes_not_word_object_L(tom, now, 1, 2, [[denounced_word, denounced], [cicero_word, cicero], [catiline_word, catiline]] )? ; believes_not_word_idea_L(tom, now, 1, 2, [[denounced_word, tom_denounced_idea], [cicero_word, tom_cicero_idea], [catiline_word, tom_catiline_idea]] )? ; believes_not_idea_object_L(tom, now, 1, 2, [[tom_denounced_idea, denounced], [tom_cicero_idea, cicero], [tom_catiline_idea, catiline]] )? ; believes_not_object_L(tom, now, 1, 2, [[denounced], [cicero], [catiline]] )? ; %% Special Tully cases believes_not_word_idea_object_L(tom, now, 1, 2, [[denounced_word, tom_denounced_idea, denounced], [tully_word, tom_tully_idea, cicero], [catiline_word, tom_catiline_idea, catiline]] )? ; believes_not_word_object_L(tom, now, 1, 2, [[denounced_word, denounced], [tully_word, cicero], [catiline_word, catiline]] )? ; believes_not_word_idea_L(tom, now, 1, 2, [[denounced_word, tom_denounced_idea], [tully_word, tom_tully_idea], [catiline_word, tom_catiline_idea]] )? ; believes_not_idea_object_L(tom, now, 1, 2, [[tom_denounced_idea, denounced], [tom_tully_idea, cicero], [tom_catiline_idea, catiline]] )? ; believes_not_object_L(tom, now, 1, 2, [[denounced], [cicero], % no separate tully [catiline]] )? ; %% End special tom cases believes_not_word_idea_object_L(tom, now, 1, 2, [[denounced_word, tom_denounced_idea, denounced], [tully_word, tom_tully_idea, cicero], % bcause tully=cicero [catiline_word, tom_catiline_idea, catiline]] )? ; believes_not_word_object_L(tom, now, 1, 2, [[denounced_word, denounced], [tully_word, cicero], % because tully=cicero [catiline_word, catiline]] )? ; believes_not_word_idea_L(tom, now, 1, 2, [[denounced_word, tom_denounced_idea], [tully_word, tom_tully_idea], [catiline_word, tom_catiline_idea]] )? ; believes_not_idea_object_L(tom, now, 1, 2, [[tom_denounced_idea, denounced], [tom_tully_idea, cicerio], % because tully=cicerro [tom_catiline_idea, catiline]] )? ; believes_not_object_L(tom, now, 1, 2, [[denounced], [cicero], % no separate tully [catiline]] )? ; %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %% begin check for contradictory beliefs cases contradicts_word_idea_object_L(tom, now, 1, 2, Triple_List)? ; contradicts_word_object_L(tom, now, 1, 2, Pair_List)? ; contradicts_word_idea_L(tom, now, 1, 2, Pair_List)? ; contradicts_idea_object_L(tom, now, 1, 2, Pair_List)? ; contradicts_object_L(tom, now, 1, 2, Object_List)? ; %% end conjunction cases %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Next Quine. believes_in_words(quine, now, 1, 2, [denounced_word, cicero_word, catiline_word])? ; believes_in_ideas(quine, now, 1, 2, [quine_denounced_idea, quine_cicero_idea, quine_catiline_idea])? ; believes_word_idea_object_L(quine, now, 1, 2, [[denounced_word, quine_denounced_idea, denounced], [cicero_word, quine_cicero_idea, cicero], [catiline_word, quine_catiline_idea, catiline]] )? ; believes_word_object_L(quine, now, 1, 2, [[denounced_word, denounced], [cicero_word, cicero], [catiline_word, catiline]] )? ; believes_word_idea_L(quine, now, 1, 2, [[denounced_word, quine_denounced_idea], [cicero_word, quine_cicero_idea], [catiline_word, quine_catiline_idea]] )? ; believes_idea_object_L(quine, now, 1, 2, [[quine_denounced_idea, denounced], [quine_cicero_idea, cicero], [quine_catiline_idea, catiline]] )? ; believes_object_L(quine, now, 1, 2, [[denounced], [cicero], [catiline]] )? ; %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% believes_word_idea_object_L(quine, now, 1, 2, [[denounced_word, quine_denounced_idea, denounced], [tully_word, quine_tully_idea, cicero], % there is no distinct tully [catiline_word, quine_catiline_idea, catiline]] )? ; believes_word_object_L(quine, now, 1, 2, [[denounced_word, denounced], [tully_word, cicero], % there is no distinct tully [catiline_word, catiline]] )? ; believes_word_idea_L(quine, now, 1, 2, [[denounced_word, quine_denounced_idea], [tully_word, quine_tully_idea], [catiline_word, quine_catiline_idea]] )? ; believes_idea_object_L(quine, now, 1, 2, [[quine_denounced_idea, denounced], [quine_tully_idea, cicero], % there is no distinct tully [quine_catiline_idea, catiline]] )? ; believes_object_L(quine, now, 1, 2, [[denounced], [cicero], [catiline]] )? ; %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Next Part 2 of_orations %%% First tom believes_word_idea_object_L(tom, now, 1, 1, [[of_orations_word, tom_of_orations_idea, of_orations], [cicero_word, tom_cicero_idea, cicero]] )? ; believes_word_object_L(tom, now, 1, 1, [[of_orations_word, of_orations], [cicero_word, cicero]] )? ; believes_word_idea_L(tom, now, 1, 1, [[of_orations_word, tom_of_orations_idea], [cicero_word, tom_cicero_idea]] )? ; believes_idea_object_L(tom, now, 1, 1, [[tom_of_orations_idea, of_orations], [tom_cicero_idea, cicero]] )? ; believes_object_L(tom, now, 1, 1, [[of_orations], [cicero]] )? ; %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% believes_word_idea_object_L(tom, now, 1, 1, [[of_orations_word, tom_of_orations_idea, of_orations], [tully_word, tom_tully_idea, cicero]] % there is no distinct tully )? ; believes_word_object_L(tom, now, 1, 1, [[of_orations_word, of_orations], [tully_word, cicero]] % there is no distinct tully )? ; believes_word_idea_L(tom, now, 1, 1, [[of_orations_word, tom_of_orations_idea], [tully_word, tom_tully_idea]] )? ; believes_idea_object_L(tom, now, 1, 1, [[tom_of_orations_idea, of_orations], [tom_tully_idea, cicero]] % there is no distinct tully )? ; believes_object_L(tom, now, 1, 1, [[of_orations], [cicero]] )? ; %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Next quine believes_in_words(quine, now, 1, 1, [of_orations_word, cicero_word])? ; believes_in_ideas(quine, now, 1, 1, [quine_of_orations_idea, quine_cicero_idea])? ; believes_word_idea_object_L(quine, now, 1, 1, [[of_orations_word, quine_of_orations_idea, of_orations], [cicero_word, quine_cicero_idea, cicero]] )? ; believes_word_object_L(quine, now, 1, 1, [[of_orations_word, of_orations], [cicero_word, cicero]] )? ; believes_word_idea_L(quine, now, 1, 1, [[of_orations_word, quine_of_orations_idea], [cicero_word, quine_cicero_idea]] )? ; believes_idea_object_L(quine, now, 1, 1, [[quine_of_orations_idea, of_orations], [quine_cicero_idea, cicero]] )? ; believes_object_L(quine, now, 1, 1, [[of_orations], [cicero]] )? ; %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% believes_word_idea_object_L(quine, now, 1, 1, [[of_orations_word, quine_of_orations_idea, of_orations], [tully_word, quine_tully_idea, cicero]] % there is no distinct tully )? ; believes_word_object_L(quine, now, 1, 1, [[of_orations_word, of_orations], [tully_word, cicero]] % there is no distinct tully )? ; believes_word_idea_L(quine, now, 1, 1, [[of_orations_word, quine_of_orations_idea], [tully_word, quine_tully_idea]] )? ; believes_idea_object_L(quine, now, 1, 1, [[quine_of_orations_idea, of_orations], [quine_tully_idea]] )? ; believes_object_L(quine, now, 1, 1, [[of_orations], [cicero]] )? ; %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Next Part 3 of_De_Senectute %%% First tom believes_word_idea_object_L(tom, now, 1, 1, [[of_De_Senectute_word, tom_of_De_Senectute_idea, of_De_Senectute], [cicero_word, tom_cicero_idea, cicero]] )? ; believes_word_object_L(tom, now, 1, 1, [[of_De_Senectute_word, of_De_Senectute], [cicero_word, cicero]] )? ; believes_word_idea_L(tom, now, 1, 1, [[of_De_Senectute_word, tom_of_De_Senectute_idea], [cicero_word, tom_cicero_idea]] )? ; believes_idea_object_L(tom, now, 1, 1, [[tom_of_De_Senectute_idea, of_De_Senectute], [tom_cicero_idea, cicero]] )? ; believes_object_L(tom, now, 1, 1, [[of_De_Senectute], [cicero]] )? ; %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% believes_word_idea_object_L(tom, now, 1, 1, [[of_De_Senectute_word, tom_of_De_Senectute_idea, of_De_Senectute], [tully_word, tom_tully_idea, cicero]] % there is no distinct tully )? ; believes_word_object_L(tom, now, 1, 1, [[of_De_Senectute_word, of_De_Senectute], [tully_word, cicero]] % there is no distinct tully )? ; believes_word_idea_L(tom, now, 1, 1, [[of_De_Senectute_word, tom_of_De_Senectute_idea], [tully_word, tom_tully_idea]] )? ; believes_idea_object_L(tom, now, 1, 1, [[tom_of_De_Senectute_idea, of_De_Senectute], [tom_tully_idea, cicero]] % there is no distinct tully )? ; believes_object_L(tom, now, 1, 1, [[of_De_Senectute], [cicero]] )? ; %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Next quine believes_in_words(quine, now, 1, 1, [of_De_Senectute_word, cicero_word])? ; believes_in_ideas(quine, now, 1, 1, [quine_of_De_Senectute_idea, quine_cicero_idea])? ; believes_word_idea_object_L(quine, now, 1, 1, [[of_De_Senectute_word, quine_of_De_Senectute_idea, of_De_Senectute], [cicero_word, quine_cicero_idea, cicero]] )? ; believes_word_object_L(quine, now, 1, 1, [[of_De_Senectute_word, of_De_Senectute], [cicero_word, cicero]] )? ; believes_word_idea_L(quine, now, 1, 1, [[of_De_Senectute_word, quine_of_De_Senectute_idea], [cicero_word, quine_cicero_idea]] )? ; believes_idea_object_L(quine, now, 1, 1, [[quine_of_De_Senectute_idea, of_De_Senectute], [quine_cicero_idea, cicero]] )? ; believes_object_L(quine, now, 1, 1, [[of_De_Senectute], [cicero]] )? ; %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% believes_word_idea_object_L(quine, now, 1, 1, [[of_De_Senectute_word, quine_of_De_Senectute_idea, of_De_Senectute], [tully_word, quine_tully_idea, cicero]] % there is no distinct tully )? ; believes_word_object_L(quine, now, 1, 1, [[of_De_Senectute_word, of_De_Senectute], [tully_word, cicero]] % there is no distinct tully )? ; believes_word_idea_L(quine, now, 1, 1, [[of_De_Senectute_word, quine_of_De_Senectute_idea], [tully_word, quine_tully_idea]] )? ; believes_idea_object_L(quine, now, 1, 1, [[quine_of_De_Senectute_idea, of_De_Senectute], [quine_tully_idea]] )? ; believes_object_L(quine, now, 1, 1, [[of_De_Senectute], [cicero]] )? ; %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Next Opacity opaque_believes_in_words(tom, now, 1, 2, Word_List_1, Word_list_2)? ; opaque_believes_in_ideas(tom, now, 1, 2, Idea_List_1, Idea_list_2)? ; opaque_believes_word_idea_object_L(tom, now, 1, 2, Triple_List_1, Triple_list_2)? ; opaque_believes_word_object_L(tom, now, 1, 2, Pair_List_1, Pair_List_2)? ; opaque_believes_word_idea_L(tom, now, 1, 2, Pair_List_1, Pair_List_2)? ; opaque_believes_idea_object_L(tom, now, 1, 2, Pair_List_1, Pair_List_2)? ; opaque_believes_object_L(tom, now, 1, 2, Object_List_1, Object_List_2)? ; transparent_believes_word_idea_object_L(tom, now, 1, 2, Triple_List_1, Triple_List_2)? ; transparent_believes_word_object_L(tom, now, 1, 2, Pair_List_1, Pair_List_2)? ; transparent_believes_word_idea_L(tom, now, 1, 2, Pair_List_1, Pair_List_2)? ; transparent_believes_idea_object_L(tom, now, 1, 2, Pair_List_1, Pair_List_2)? ; transparent_believes_object_L(tom, now, 1, 2, Object_List_1, Object_List_2)? ; %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% opaque_believes_in_words(quine, now, 1, 2, Word_List_1, Word_list_2)? ; opaque_believes_in_ideas(quine, now, 1, 2, Idea_List_1, Idea_list_2)? ; opaque_believes_word_idea_object_L(quine, now, 1, 2, Triple_List_1, Triple_list_2)? ; opaque_believes_word_object_L(quine, now, 1, 2, Pair_List_1, Pair_List_2)? ; opaque_believes_word_idea_L(quine, now, 1, 2, Pair_List_1, Pair_List_2)? ; opaque_believes_idea_object_L(quine, now, 1, 2, Pair_List_1, Pair_List_2)? ; opaque_believes_object_L(quine, now, 1, 2, Object_List_1, Object_List_2)? ; transparent_believes_word_idea_object_L(quine, now, 1, 2, Triple_List_1, Triple_List_2)? ; transparent_believes_word_object_L(quine, now, 1, 2, Pair_List_1, Pair_List_2)? ; transparent_believes_word_idea_L(quine, now, 1, 2, Pair_List_1, Pair_List_2)? ; transparent_believes_idea_object_L(quine, now, 1, 2, Pair_List_1, Pair_List_2)? ; transparent_believes_object_L(quine, now, 1, 2, Object_List_1, Object_List_2)? ; write_stats(Ignore)?