Logical  Forms

By Dennis J. Darland

May 29,2007

 

Examples of logical forms

 

                               

For

Occurs in

The form

Also will need

Tom Believes denounced(Cicero,Cateline) now

BeliefR(Tom,‘f(x,y)’,’denounced’,’Cicero’,’Cateline’,now)

 

 

‘f(x,y)’

SymbolR(Tom,’denounced’,denounced,now)

SymbolR(Tom,’Cicero’,Cicero,now)

SymbolR(Tom,’Cateline’,Cateline,now)

Tom Believes ~denounced(Tully,Cateline) now

BeliefR(Tom,’~f(x,y),’denounced’,’Tully’,’Cateline’,now)

‘~f(x,y)’

Same except

SymbolR(Tom,’Tully’,Tully’,now) for Cicero

Tom Beieves ~denounced(Cicero,Cateline) v  denounced(Cicero,Cateline) now

BeliefR(Tom,’f(x,y) v ~f(x,y)’,’denounced’,’Cicero’,’Cateline’,now)

‘f(x,y) v ~f(x,y)

Same

Tom believes (x) if human(x) then mortal(x) now

BeliefR(Tom,’(x)~f(x) v g(x)’,’human’,’mortal’,now)

‘(x)~f(x)vg(x)’

SymbolR(Tom,’human’,human,now)

SymbolR(Tom,’mortal’,mortal,now)

(x) Tom believes if human(x) then mortal(x)

(w)BeliefR(Tom,’[w/x]~f(x) v g(x)’,’human’,’mortal’,now)

‘[w/x]~f(x)vg(x)’

SymbolR(Tom,’human’,human,now)

SymbolR(Tom.’mortal’,mortal,now)

 

($x) Tom believes mortal(x) now

($w)BeliefR(Tom,’ [w/x]f(x)’,’mortal’,now)

‘[w/x]f(x)’

SymbolR(Tom,’mortal’,mortal,now)

(x)Tom believes ($y) (y > x)

(w)BeliefR(Tom,’[w/x]($u)u>w’,now)

‘[w/x]($u)u > x’

 

 

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