%% Copyright (C) 2017, 2019, 2021 Dennis J. Darland load("RULES2/life_0001.lf")? load("FACTS2/facts_0031.lf")? load("RULES2/rules_0031.lf")? load("RULES2/rules_0032.lf")? load("RULES2/rules_0034.lf")? %% This file is part of darland's philosophy. %% darland's philosophy is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify %% it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by %% the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or %% (at your option) any later version. %% darland's philosophy is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, %% but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of %% MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the %% GNU General Public License for more details. %% You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License %% along with darland's philosophy. If not, see . %% This file only checks rules (relating to propositions). trace_input(true)? %% This file uses queries to demonstrate my points about %% the non-existence of any TRUE opacity. %% This is an example with a mini universe for queries of high complexity. %% I use an example from Quine's Word & Object. (pp.144-151). %% The Story of Cicero and Catiline is given %% in _Caesar and Christ_, by Will Durant, pp. 140-147. %% "Tully" is not in the index of that work (or "De Senectute"). %% Wikipedia gives the full name as "Marcus Tullius Cicero" %% and notes "The name is infrequently anglicized as Tully." %% It also does not mention "De Senectute". %% "De Senectute" is in Wikipedia under "Writings of Cicero" %% Tom believes that Cicero denounced Catiline. %% Tom does not know Cicero = Tully. %% In my philosophy, for Tom at that time, %% "Cicero" R Toms_idea_of_Cicero %% and %% Toms_idea of_Cicero S Cicero %% %% %% but not %% "Cicero" R Toms_idea_of_Tully %% %% %% In my program the relation R is represented by the universal %% qqqq(rrrr,Subject, Time, Type, Word, Idea) %% In my program the relation S is represented by the universal %% qqqq(ssss,Subject, Time, Type, Idea, Object) %% R | S is represented by rrss write_time(Ignore)? %% I indicate for each query whether the immediate response should be %% TRUE = Yes or FALSE = No %% There may be subsequient No responses - as I may have asked for additional answers with semicolons. %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %% 1 words %% 2 ideas %% 3 objects %% 4 words_ideas %% 5 words_objects %% 6 ideas_objects %% 7 words_ideas_objects %% begin check for opaque beliefs for each case. %% Theoretically the arguments could be variables - to find ANY cases. %% But there are so many combinations that there is too little memory. qqqq(truly_opaque_believes_words, tom, now, [[denounced_word], [cicero_word], [catiline_word]] )? ; qqqq(truly_opaque_believes_words, tom, now, [[denounced_word], [tully_word], [catiline_word]] )? ; qqqq(truly_opaque_believes_in_ideas, tom, now, [tom_denounced_idea, tom_cicero_idea, tom_catiline_idea])? ; qqqq(truly_opaque_believes_objects, tom, now, [[denounced], [cicero], [catiline]])? ; qqqq(truly_opaque_believes_words_ideas, tom, now, [[denounced_word, tom_denounced_idea], [cicero_word, tom_cicero_idea], [catiline_word, tom_catiline_idea]])? ; qqqq(truly_opaque_believes_words_ideas, tom, now, [[denounced_word, tom_denounced_idea], [tully_word, tom_tully_idea], [catiline_word, tom_catiline_idea]])? ; qqqq(truly_opaque_believes_words_objects, tom, now, [[denounced_word, denounced], [cicero_word, cicero], [catiline_word, catiline]])? ; qqqq(truly_opaque_believes_words_objects, tom, now, [[denounced_word, denounced], [tully_word, cicero], [catiline_word, catiline]])? ; qqqq(truly_opaque_believes_ideas_objects, tom, now, [[tom_denounced_idea, denounced], [tom_cicero_idea, cicero], [tom_catiline_idea, catiline]])? ; qqqq(truly_opaque_believes_ideas_objects, tom, now, [[tom_denounced_idea, denounced], [tom_tully_idea, cicero], [tom_catiline_idea, catiline]])? ; qqqq(truly_opaque_believes_words_ideas_objects, tom, now, [[denounced_word, tom_denounced_idea, denounced], [cicero_word, tom_cicero_idea, cicero], [catiline_word, tom_catiline_idea, catiline]])? ; qqqq(truly_opaque_believes_words_ideas_objects, tom, now, [[denounced_word, tom_denounced_idea, denounced], [tully_word, tom_tully_idea, cicero], [catiline_word, tom_catiline_idea, catiline]])? ; %% pseudo_opaque qqqq(pseudo_opaque_believes_words, tom, now, [[denounced_word], [cicero_word], [catiline_word]] )? ; qqqq(pseudo_opaque_believes_words, tom, now, [[denounced_word], [tully_word], [catiline_word]] )? ; qqqq(pseudo_opaque_believes_in_ideas, tom, now, [tom_denounced_idea, tom_cicero_idea, tom_catiline_idea])? ; %% THIS is the only PSEUDO_OPAQUE case -- when only OBJECTS are considered. qqqq(pseudo_opaque_believes_objects, tom, now, [[denounced], [cicero], [catiline]])? ; qqqq(pseudo_opaque_believes_words_ideas, tom, now, [[denounced_word, tom_denounced_idea], [cicero_word, tom_cicero_idea], [catiline_word, tom_catiline_idea]])? ; qqqq(pseudo_opaque_believes_words_ideas, tom, now, [[denounced_word, tom_denounced_idea], [tully_word, tom_tully_idea], [catiline_word, tom_catiline_idea]])? ; qqqq(pseudo_opaque_believes_words_objects, tom, now, [[denounced_word, denounced], [cicero_word, cicero], [catiline_word, catiline]])? ; qqqq(pseudo_opaque_believes_words_objects, tom, now, [[denounced_word, denounced], [tully_word, cicero], [catiline_word, catiline]])? ; qqqq(pseudo_opaque_believes_ideas_objects, tom, now, [[tom_denounced_idea, denounced], [tom_cicero_idea, cicero], [tom_catiline_idea, catiline]])? ; qqqq(pseudo_opaque_believes_ideas_objects, tom, now, [[tom_denounced_idea, denounced], [tom_tully_idea, cicero], [tom_catiline_idea, catiline]])? ; qqqq(pseudo_opaque_believes_words_ideas_objects, tom, now, [[denounced_word, tom_denounced_idea, denounced], [cicero_word, tom_cicero_idea, cicero], [catiline_word, tom_catiline_idea, catiline]])? ; qqqq(pseudo_opaque_believes_words_ideas_objects, tom, now, [[denounced_word, tom_denounced_idea, denounced], [tully_word, tom_tully_idea, cicero], [catiline_word, tom_catiline_idea, catiline]])? ; %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %% Agnostic check %% begin check for lack of belief for each case. %% Theoretically the arguments could be variables - to find ANY cases. %% But there are so many combinations that there is too little memory. qqqq(agnostic_words, tom, now, [[denounced_word], [catiline_word], [cicero_word]] )? ; qqqq(agnostic_words, tom, now, [[denounced_word], [cicero_word], [catiline_word]] )? ; qqqq(agnostic_words, tom, now, [[denounced_word], [tully_word], [catiline_word]] )? ; qqqq(agnostic_in_ideas, tom, now, [tom_denounced_idea, tom_cicero_idea, tom_catiline_idea])? ; qqqq(agnostic_objects, tom, now, [[denounced], [catiline], [cicero]])? ; qqqq(agnostic_words_ideas, tom, now, [[denounced_word, tom_denounced_idea], [catiline_word, tom_catiline_idea], [cicero_word, tom_cicero_idea]])? ; qqqq(agnostic_words_ideas, tom, now, [[denounced_word, tom_denounced_idea], [tully_word, tom_tully_idea], [catiline_word, tom_catiline_idea]])? ; qqqq(agnostic_words_objects, tom, now, [[denounced_word, denounced], [catiline_word, catiline], [cicero_word, cicero]])? ; qqqq(agnostic_words_objects, tom, now, [[denounced_word, denounced], [tully_word, cicero], [catiline_word, catiline]])? ; qqqq(agnostic_ideas_objects, tom, now, [[tom_denounced_idea, denounced], [tom_catiline_idea, catiline], [tom_cicero_idea, cicero]])? ; qqqq(agnostic_ideas_objects, tom, now, [[tom_denounced_idea, denounced], [tom_tully_idea, cicero], [tom_catiline_idea, catiline]])? ; qqqq(agnostic_words_ideas_objects, tom, now, [[denounced_word, tom_denounced_idea, denounced], [catiline_word, tom_catiline_idea, catiline], [cicero_word, tom_cicero_idea, cicero]])? ; qqqq(agnostic_words_ideas_objects, tom, now, [[denounced_word, tom_denounced_idea, denounced], [tully_word, tom_tully_idea, cicero], [catiline_word, tom_catiline_idea, catiline]])? ; write_stats(Ignore)? halt?